This collection contains about 5700 acronyms and abbreviations caught in books,
newspapers, magazines, journals, technical documentation, and at Web pages I have read.
No plagiarism! No made-up!
Some other acronym finders:
AcronymFinder
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ISN
Wiley InterScience (scientific and technical acronyms, symbols and abbreviations)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (bibliographic codes and journal abbreviations)
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# number & and @ at ΔVLBI Differential VLBI ΔDOR Delta-Differenced One-way Range +ve positive -ve negative 1D One-Dimensional 2 to 2 too 24/7 24 hours / 7 days per week 2D Two-Dimensional 2dF 2 Degree Field system 2dFGRS 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey 2L8 Too Late 2MASS NASA Two-Micron All-Sky Survey 3C 3rd Cambridge catalog 3D Three-Dimensional 3G The Third Generation 3W WWW 4 for 4D Four-Dimensional 4get forget 4WD Four-Wheel Drive 6dF 6 degree Field survey
A Acting a annual A. Answer A. Associate AA Assistant Administrator A&A Astronomy and Astrophysics (journal) AAB Automatic Answerback AAAI American Association of Artificial Intelligence AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science A&AS Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (journal) AAC Associate Analysis Center AAGS American Association of Geodetic Surveying AAL American AirLines AAM American Association of Mathematicians AAM Atmospheric Angular Momentum AAO Anglo-Australian Observatory, Epping, NSW, Australia AAOUC AAO Users' Committee AAOEPP Anglo-Australian Observatory, Epping, NSW, Australia AAP Academy of American Poets AAPT American Association of Physics Teachers AAS American Astronomy Society AAS Austrian Academy of Sciences AAT Anglo-Australian Telescope, AAO, Australia AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer AAVSO American Association of Variable Star Observers AB Astrometric Binary ABAS Aircraft Based Augmentation System ABC Alphabet ABC American Broadcasting Company, USA ABC Astrometric Binary Catalog ABCS Advanced Business Communications via Satellite ABEND Abnormal End (computing) Abp. Archbishop ABR Available Bit Rate abs. absolute abt. about a/c Account AC Alternating Current AC Analysis Center AC Analysis Coordinator A.C. Assistant Commissioner AC Astrographic Catalog AC Astronomical Council, Moscow, Russia AC before Christ (Lat. ante Christum) a.c. before meals (Lat. ante cibum) AC3 Audio Coding 3 ACA Australian Communications Authority ACC IGS Analysis Center Coordinator ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current (meteorology) ACCU Association of C and C++ Users ACE Active Computing Elements ACE Altimeter Corrected Elevations DEM ACES Advanced Computing in Environmental Science ACES Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space ACF Autocorrelation Function ACHA Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis (journal) ACIAAT Advisory Committee for Instrumentation on the AAT ACK Acknowledgment ACL Association for Computer Linguistic, USA ACLV American Civil Liberties Union ACM Association for Computing Machinery, USA ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (journal) ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ACRS Astrographic Catalog Reference Stars ACS Active Control System ACS Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST) ACSG Association Canadienne des Sciences Géomatiques ACSIS DRAO Auto-Correlation Spectrometer and Imaging System ACSnet Australian Computer Science Network ACT Application Compatibility Toolkit (Windows) ACT Australian Capital Territory ACTS NIST Automated Computer Time Service, USA ACU Antenna Control Unit ACU Asian Currency Unit AD Advance Development AD Analogous-to-Digital AD Andorra (ISO code) A.D. of the Christian era (Lat. Anno Domini) ADASS Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems ADB African Development Bank ADC Analogous-to-Digital Converter ADC NSSDC Astronomical Data Center ADDP Antarctic Digital Database Project ADELA Dynamical Astronomy in Latin America (Hisp. Astronomía Dinámica en Latino América) ADEOS ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADvanced Earth Observation Satellite) ADEV Allan Deviation ADF Automatic Document Feed ADHOC Analyse et Depouillement Homogene des Observations Cigale ADIL Astronomy Digital Image Library ADIS Automated Data Interchange System adj. Adjective ADO ActiveX Data Objects ADPS Asiago Database on Photometric Systems ADPS Automatic Data Processing System ADRG ARC (Arc-second Raster Chart/map) Digitized Raster Graphics ADS Aitken's Double Star catalog ADS NASA Astrophysics Data System ADSC Adobe Document Structuring Conventions ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) Adv. Advanced Adv. Advances adv. Adverb AdvSR Advances in Space Research (journal) AE United Arab Emirates (ISO code) AEC Automatic Exposure Control AECL Atomic Energy Canada Ltd. AEOS Advanced Electro Optical System AEOS Automated Empirical Optimization of Software AER Atmospheric and Environmental Research, USA AES Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd, Japan AES Artificial Earth Satellite AEST Australian East Standard Time (UTC + 10h) a.e.t. after extra time (sport) AF Afghanistan (ISO code) AF Ambiguity Function (GNSS) AF Audio Frequency AFAIK As Far As I Know AFB Air Force Base AFC Amplitude-Frequency Characteristic AFCRL Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories AFGL Air Force Geophysics Laboratory AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology, USA AFL Academic Free License AFMC U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center AFPL Aladdin Free Public License AFREF African Geodetic Reference Frame (African Continental Reference System) AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory, USA AFSC Alaska Fisheries Science Centre, USA AFSPC U.S. Air Force Space Command AFV America's Funniest Video AG Antigua and Barbuda (ISO code) AG German Astronomical Society (Ger. Astronomischer Gesellschaft), Germany AGC Automatic Gain Control AGCM Atmospheric Global Circulation Model AGD Australian Geodetic Datum AGK Astronomischer Gesellschaft Katalog AGK2A 2 Astronomischer Gesellschaft Katalog, Anhaltsterne AGK3R 2 Astronomischer Gesellschaft Katalog, Reference stars AGL Above Ground Level AGN Active Galactic Nuclei AGNES Automated GPS NEtwork of Switzerland A-GNSS Assisted GNSS AGP Accelerated Graphics Port AGREF Austrian GPS Reference network AGTA Adrian Gill Travel Award AGU American Geophysical Union AGD Australian Height Datum AGSO Australian Geological Survey Organization AHD American Heritage Dictionary AHSME American High School Mathematics Examination AHUVA Advanced Hi-resolution Ultra Violet Astronomy satellite (TAUVEX project) AI Anguilla (ISO code) AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIfA Argelander Institute for Astronomy, (Ger. Argelander-Institut für Astronomie), Bonn University AIM NASA Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere spacecraft AIME American Invitational Mathematics Examination AIN Arab Institute of Navigation AION Australian Institute of Navigation AIP American Institute of Physics AIP Astrophysical Institut Potsdam (Ger. Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam) AIPS Astronomical Information (Image) Processing System AIRES AIRshower Extended Simulations (software) AIRS Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder AIRSAR Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar AIS Automatic Identification System AIST NASA ESE Advanced Information Systems Technology AIST National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (formerly Agency of Industrial Science and Technology), Japan AIUB Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland AIV All-In-View (GNSS receiver) AIV Assembly, Integration and Verification (EGNOS) AJ Anti-Jamming (GPS) AJ Astronomical Journal AJHSME American Junior High School Mathematics Examination (now AMC 8) AK Alaska aka also known as AKDA Alaska Deformation Array AKST U.S. Alaskian Daylight Time (UTC - 8h) AKST U.S. Alaskian Standard Time (UTC - 9h) AL Alabama AL Albania (ISO code) Ala. Alabama ALA American Library Association Alas. Alaska ALG Application Layer Gateway ALGOL ALGOrithmic Language (ALGorithm-Oriented Language) ALICE A Large Ion Collider Experiment, LHC ALICE Connecting Latin America with Europe (Sp. America Latina Interconectada Con Europa) ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Chile ALO Astronomical Latitude Observatory, Poznan, Poland ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite ALPO Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package AltBOC Alternative BOC signal (GNSS) Aly. Alley a.m. ante meridiem) before noon Am. American AM Armenia (ISO code) AM Amplitude Modulation AMATYC American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges, USA AMC USNO Alternate Master Clock AMC American Mathematics Competitions AMCS Antenna Multipath Calibration System (GNSS) AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Amer. American AMiBA Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy AMIP Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project AMOS Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society AMPLE Adaptable Minor Planet Ephemerides (software, IAA) AMS American Mathematical Society AMS American Meteorological Society AMSA Australian Maritime Safety Authority AMSAT Amateur Satellite AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer AMT AudioMagnetoTelluric AN NASA Announcement AN Astronomische Nachrichten (journal) AN Netherlands Antilles (ISO code) Anal. Analysis And Andromeda (constellation) ANDE Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment ANDROMEDE Association Nouvelle pour la Diffusion de la Recherche a l'Observatoire de Marseille Et le Development des Expositions, Marseille, France ANFIS Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System ANGEL Airborne Navigation and Gravimetry Ensemble & Laboratory ANGIS Australian National Geoscientific Information System Ann. Annual ANN Artificial Neural Networks ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance ANS Australian National Spheroid ANSI American National Standards Institute ANSS Advanced National Seismic System, USA ANT Advanced Navigation Technology center, AFIT Ant Antlia (constellation) ANUSat ANna University microSatellite ANZLIC Australia New Zealand Land Information Council AO Angola (ISO code) AO Announcement of Opportunity AOA Allen Osborne Associates, Inc., USA AOGS Asia Oceania Geosciences Society AOC NRAO VLBA Array Operations Center, Socorro, NM, USA AOK Absolutely OK (absolutely fine) AOL America OnLine AOPC Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate AOR-E Atlantic Ocean Region-East INMARSAT satellite AOS Acquisition Of Signal AOS Astrogeodynamical Observatory of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Borowiec, Poland AOSC Attitude & Orbit Control Subsystem AP Accumulation Period (correlator) AP Associated Press Ap. Astrophysics APAN Asia-Pacific Advanced Network APANPIRG Asia-Pacific Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group APC American Power Conversion APC Angle Physical Contact (connector) APD Avalanche Photo Diode APDB IMCCE Astrometric Planetary data Base API Application Program(ming) Interface ApJ Astrophysical Journal ApJS Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series APKIM Actual Plate KInematic Model APL A Programming Language APL Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA APM Cambridge Automated Photographic Measuring APMUKS Automated Plate Measurement United Kingdom Schmidt APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Center, Australia APOLLO Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operations, Sunspot, NM, USA Appl. Applied APPS Advanced Precise Positioning System, Japan APR Annual Percentage Rate Apr April APRGP Asia-Pacific Regional Geodetic Project Aps Apus (constellation) APSG Asia-Pacific Space Geodynamics Program (formerly Project) Ap&SS Astrophysics and Space Science Apt. Airport apt. apartment APT Asia Pacific Telecommunity APT Asia Pacific Telescope APT Automatically Programmed Tool APY Annual Percentage Yield AQ Antarctica (ISO code) Aql Aquila (constellation) Aqr Aquarius (constellation) AR Annual Report AR Argentina (ISO code) AR Arkansas AR Autoregression Ara Ara (constellation) ARC NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA ARC Arc-second Raster Chart/map ARC Astrophysical Research Consortium, Inc., USA ARC Australian Research Council ArcOD Arctic Ocean Biodiversity ARELAS Arequipa Laser Station, Peru AREPS Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (journal) ARFIMA AutoRegressive Fractional Integrated Moving Average ARG Astrophysics Research Group, University of Antwerpen, Belgium ARGB Alpha-Red-Green-Blue argc argument count (programming) ARGN Australian Regional GPS Network argv argument vector (programming) ARI Academic Research Infrastructure Ari Aries (constellation) ARI Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Heidelberg, Germany, part of ZAH ARIES Astronomical Radio Interferometric Earth Surveying program ARIMA AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average ARISE Advanced Radio Interferometry between Space and Earth (JPL) Ariz. Arizona Ark. Arkansas ARL Association of Research Libraries ARMA AutoRegressive Moving Average ARNS Aeronautical Radio Navigation Services ARO Algonquin Radio Observatory, Canada ARP Address Resolution Protocol (Internet) ARP Antenna Reference Point (GNSS) ARPAnet Advanced Research Projects Agency network ARPL ICTP Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory ARS American Rocket Society ARTEMIS ESA Advanced Relay and TEchnology MISsion ARTK Advanced Real Time Kinematics ARTUS Advanced Receiver Terminal for User Services AS American Samoa (ISO code) AS Anti-Spoofing (GPS) ASA Astronomical Society of Australia asap as soon as possible ASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar ASAS Advanced Solid-state Array Spectrometer ASC Amateur Star Catalog ASC LPI Astro Space Center, Moscow, Russia ASCA Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCL Astrophysics Source Code Library ASCR Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic ASD Aerospace & Defence Network ASD Allan Standard Deviation ASDD Australian Spatial Data Directory ASDI All-Sky Doppler Interferometer (Haystack observatory) ASDI Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure ASDS Astronomical Software & Documentation Service ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations (Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) ASF Assignable Square Feet ASI Italian Space Agency (It. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), Italy ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuits ASIAA Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Taiwan ASK Amplitude Shift Key modulation ASL Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ASLO American Society of Limnology and Oceanography ASM Astronomical Society of Melbourne ASNSW Astronomical Society of New South Wales aso and so on ASP Active Server Pages ASP Association of Shareware Professionals ASP Astronomical Society of the Pacific ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Bethesda, MD, USA ASR Advances in Space Research (journal) ASRS NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System AST U.S. Atlantic Standard Time (UTC - 4h) ASTEC Australian Science and Technology Council ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AstL Astronomy Letters (journal) Astr. Astronomical Astron. Astronomical Astron. Astronomy Astrophys. Astrophysical Astrophys. Astrophysics ASV Astronomical Society of Victoria AT Atomic Time AT Australia Telescope project AT Austria (ISO code) ATA Advanced Technology Attachment (the same as IDE) ATA Allen Telescope Array ATC Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA ATCA Australia Telescope Compact Array ATD Advanced Tecnical Development (VLBI experiment) ATEx Advanced Tether Experiment ATL ActiveX Template Library ATLAS originally: A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS ATLAS Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software AT-LBA Australia Telescope - Long Baseline Array ATM Airborne Topography Mapper ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Automatic Teller Machine ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NPOESS) ATNF Australia Telescope National Facility ATP Association of Tennis Professionals ATSC AlliedSignal Technical Services Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA ATST Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (NSO) ATV Automated Transfer Vehicle ATWS Australian Tsunami Warning System ATX Advanced Technology eXtended AU Astronomical Unit AU Australia (ISO code) Aug August AUI Associated University, Inc., USA Aur Auriga AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., Washington, DC, USA AUS Army of the United States AUSAC Arecibo Users and Scientific Advisory Committee AUSLAS Graz Laser Station, Austria AUSLIG Australian Surveying and Land Information Group (now GA) Aust. Australia AUT Auckland University of Technology, NZ AUW Agricultural University Wroclaw, Poland aux. auxiliary Av. Avenue AVAR Allan Variance Ave. Avenue avg. average AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVIRIS Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer AVISO Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data AVL Automatic Vehicle Location AVLS Automatic Vehicle Location System AVN Adult Video News AVNIR Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer AW Aruba (ISO code) AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System, USA AWD All-Wheel Drive AWFT Automatic Wide Field Telescope project (ROA, Spain) AWG Analysis Working Group AWG ESA SPC Astronomy Working Group AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise AWI Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany AWK Aho-Kernighan-Weinberger AWM Association for Women in Mathematics, USA AWS Automatic Weather Station(s) A-WVR Advanced Water Vapor Radiometer (JPL) AXAF NASA Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility AYOK Are You OK? AZ Arizona AZ Azerbaijan (ISO code) Az Azimuth AZ-EL Azimuth-Elevation
B. Bachelor B Bandwidth B Besselian epoch (astronomy) B Bishop (chess) B blue b. born B2B Business-to-Business B.A. Bachelor of Arts BA Bosnia and Herzegowina (ISO code) BAdW Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Ger. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften), Munich, Germany BAE British Aerospace, Australia BAKO Bako Surtanal, Indonesia BARD Bay Area Regional Deformation GPS Network, USA BARGN Basin and Range GPS Network, USA BARREL Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses BAS Bulgarian Academy Sciences BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BAT British American Tobacco Co. BATC Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, Boulder, CO, USA BATSE Burst And Transient Source Experiment BAW British AirWays BB Barbados (ISO code) BB Big Bang BB Black Body BBAO Black Birch Astrometric Observatory, New Zealand BBC BaseBand Converter BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBRW Balser-Bania-Rood-Wilson BBS Bulletin Board System (Bulletin Board Services) BBXRT Broad Band X-Ray Telescope BC Before Christ BC Blind Copy BC British Columbia (Canadian province) BCC Blind Carbon Copy (e-mail) BCC Business Computer Company BCD Binary-Coded Decimal (computing) BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine BCI Building Condition Index BCIS U.S. DHS Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services BCP Binary Control Protocol BCRS Barycentric Celestial Reference System BCS Binary Coded Symbols signal (GNSS) BR Bedroom BD Bangladesh (ISO code) BD Bonner Durchmusterung Bd. Boulevard (French) BDL Bureau des Longitudes, Paris Observatory, France BdRAO Badary Radio Astronomical Observatory, Russia BDT Barycentric Dynamical Time BE Belgium (ISO code) BE-C Beacon Explorer C satellite BEC Bose-Einstein Condensation BEC Business English Certificate BEK International Commission for Global Geodesy of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Ger. Bayerische Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung), Germany BEP Basic Earth Parameters BER Bit Error Rate BEST Bering Ecosystem STudy BEV Giga-Electron-Volt BEV (Ger. Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen), Vienna, Austria BFEC Bendix Field Engineering Corporation, USA BF Burkina Faso (ISO code) BfL Federal Office of Topography (Ger. Bundesamt für Landestopographie), Wabern, Switzerland (the same as FOT, LPT, L+T) BG Bulgaria (ISO code) BGI International Gravity Bureau (Fr. Bureau Gravimétrique International), CNES/CRGS, Toulouse, France BGN Brain Games Network Co., UK BH Bahrain (ISO code) BH Black Hole (astronomy) BI Burundi (ISO code) BIBER Bounded Influence By standardizEd Residuals BIF Binary Information Files BIFROST Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound Observations, Sea Level, and Tectonics BIGF British Isles GPS archive Facility, University of Nottingham, UK BIGS Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics BIH Bureau International de l'Heure, Paris, France (now BIPM) BIMA Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association, USA BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain BINEX BINinary EXchange (GNSS file format) BIPM International Bureau for Weights and Measures (Fr. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures), Paris, France (formerly BIH) BIOS Basic Input/Output System BIOS Built-in Operating System BIQUE Best Invariant Quadratic Unbiased Estimator BISAM Basic Indexed Sequential Access Method BISNIS Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States (U.S. Department of Commerce) bit BInary digiT BITnet Because It's Time Network BJ Benin (ISO code) BKG Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (Ger. Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie), Frankfurt, Germany (formerly IfAG) B.L. Bachelor of Low BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms bldg. building BLM Bureau of Land Management bln billion BLUE Best Linear Unbiased Estimator Blvd. Boulevard (French) B.M. Bachelor of Medicine BM Benchmark BM Bermuda (ISO code) BM Brownian Motion BMP Windows Bitmap BMW Bayrische Motoren Werke bn billion BN Brunei Darussalam (ISO code) BNC Baker-Nunn Camera BNH Basic Null Hypotesis BNSC British National Space Center BO Bolivia (ISO code) BOC Binary Offset Carriar signal (GNSS) BOCcos Cosine phased BOC modulation (GNSS) BOCsin Sine phased BOC modulation (GNSS) BOF Birds of a Feather (a kind of scientific meeting) BOJ Bank Of Japan Boo Bootes (constellation) BOT Beginning Of Tape (computing) BP British Petroleum BPE Bernese Processing Engine (GPS software) BPF Band Pass Filter bpi bits per inch Bpi bytes per inch bps bits per second Bps bytes per second BPSK Binary Phase (BiPhase) Shift Keying (GNSS) BR Boot Record BR Brazil (ISO code) BRD Broadcast Ephemeris BRI Basic Rate Interface BRS Barycentric Reference System B.S. Bachelor of Science BS Bahamas (ISO code) BS Bright Stars BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method B.Sc. Bachelor of Science BSC Binary Compatibility Specification BSD Berkeley Software Distribution BSL Baltic Sea Level BSM Borehole StrainMeter BSS Broadcasting Satellite Services BST British Summer Time (UTC + 1h) BSW Bernese Software BT Bhutan (ISO code) BTS BIH Terrestrial System BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics, USA btw by the way BUDDA BUlge/Disk Decomposition Analysis Bull. Bulletin BUTE Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary BV Bouvet Island (ISO code) BVSS Bonn VLBI Software System BW Bandwidth b/w black and white BW Botswana (ISO code) BWE Becker-White-Edwards (catalog) BWG Beam WaveGuide (radio antenna) BWS BandWidth Synthesis BY Belarus (ISO code) BZ Belize (ISO code)
C Cambridge C Capacity C Capacitance C Celsius (Centigrade) c century C. Comment C Commission C4I Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence ca. approximately, about (Lat. circa) CA California CA Canada (ISO code) CA Coarse Acquisition (GPS) C/A Coarse Acquisition (GPS) CA Component Architecture (computing) CACS Canadian Active Control System CAD Computer-Aided Design CADC Canadian Astronomy Data Center (HIA) Cae Caelum (constellation) CAGS Council of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Services (former FAGS) Cal. Calibration Cal. California Calif. California CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite CALPAN California Passive Network CALS Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (image file format) CALTECH California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA CALTRANS California Department of Transportation Cam Camelopardalis (constellation) CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAM Core Angular Momentum CAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And Control CAMC Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle, La Palma, Spain CAMMAC Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, Meteorites, Astroblems, Craters CAO Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia CAN NASA Cooperative Agreement Notice cap. capacity Cap. Capital CAP Capitalized Phrase (Amazon) Cap Capricornus (constellation) Car Carina (constellation) CARAVAN Compact Antenna of Radio Astronomy for VLBI Adapted Network Cas Cassiopeia (constellation) CAS Catalog Archive Server CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Column Address Strobe latency CASB STScI Catalogs and Surveys Branch CASC Canadian Active Control System CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering CASI NASA Center for AeroSpace Information CASLE Commonwealth Association for Surveying and Land Economy CASM Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping CAT Computer Assisted Translation CAT MRAO Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope CATS Astrophysical CATalogs support System (Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Russia) CATS Central Asian Tectonic Sciences program CAWSES Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System CAY Centro Astronomico de Yebes, Spain CB Central Bureau CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corp. CBCS Composite Binary Coded Symbols (GNSS) CBD EVN Consortium Board of Directors CBIS IGS Central Bureau Information System CBK Space Research Center PAN (Pol. Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk), Warsaw, Poland CBN Canadian Base Network CBN U.S. NGS Cooperative Base Network CBP U.S. Customs and Border Protection CBR Constant Bit Rate CBT Congress Business Travel Ltd. CC Carbon Copy CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands (ISO code) CC Compilation Catalog cc cubic centimeter CCAFS Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL, USA CCAR Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Boulder, CO, USA CCAUV Consultative Committee for Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration (Fr. Comité Consultatif de l'Acoustique, des Ultrasons et des Vibrations) CCC Correlator Control Computer (VLBI) CCC Cross Correlation in a Computer software CCCT Computing, Communication and Control Technologies CCD Charged (Charge) Coupled Device CCDM Catalog of the Components of Double and Multiply Systems CCDS Comité Consultatif pour la Definition de la Seconde CCE Consultative Committee for Electricity (now CCEM) CCEM Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (Fr. Comité Consultatif d'Électricité et Magnetisme) CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (Fr. Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications) (now ITU-R) CCL Consultative Committee for Length (Fr. Comité Consultatif des Longueurs) CCLRC Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils, UK CCM Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (Fr. Comité Consultatif pour la Masse et les grandeurs apparentées) CCNet Cambridge Conference Network, UK CCO Cisco Connection Online CCP Consultative Committee for Photometry (now CCPR) CCPR Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (Fr. Comité Consultatif de Photométrie et Radiométrie) CCQM Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry (Fr. Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière - metrologie en chimie) CCR Corner Cube Reflector CCRI Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (Fr. Comité Consultatif des Rayonnements Ionisants) CCRS Canada Center for Remote Sensing, NRCan, Canada CCT Computer Compatible Tape CCT Consultative Committee for Thermometry (Fr. Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie) CCTF Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (Fr. Comité Consultatif du Temps et des Frequences) CCTV Closed Circuit Television CCU Consultative Committee for Units (Fr. Comité Consultatif des Unités) CD Change Directory CD Compact Disc CD Cordoba Durchmusterung CDA Compact Disc Audio CDAS Climate Data Assimilation System (Climate Data Analysis System) CdC Map of the Sky (Fr. Carte du Ciel) CDC NOAA Climate Diagnostic Center CDC Control Data Corp., USA CDDIS NASA/GSFC Crustal Dynamics Data Information System CDE Common Desktop Environment (HP) CDF Cumulative Density Function CDM Cold Dark Matter model CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CDP NASA Crustal Dynamics Project CD-R Compact Disk Recordable CD-RW Compact Disk Re-Writable CDR Critical Design Review CDS Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg, France CDSCC Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex, Tidbinbilla, Australia (DSN) CDSLR Crustal Dynamics Satellite Laser Ranging CDSM Chief Directorate Surveys and Mapping, South Africa CDT U.S. Central Daylight Time (UTC - 5h) CDU Control/Display Unit CEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique CeDAMar Census of the Diversity Abyssal Marine Life CEDAR Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (UCAR) CEDAR Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (Buffalo Univ., USA) CEDR Center for Earth Dynamics Research, Czech Republic CEE Centro de Estudios Espaciales, University de Chile, Chile CEGRN Central European GPS Geodynamic Reference Network CEI Central European Initiative CEI Connected Element Interferometer CEIP Microsoft Customer Experience Improvement Program CEJP Central European Journal of Physics Celes. Celestial Celest. Celestial CELT California Extremely Large Telescope Cen Centaurus (constellation) CEO Celestial Ephemeris Origin CEO European Center for Earth Observation CEO Chief Executive Officer CEP Celestial Ephemeris Pole Cep Cepheus (constellation) CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations CEReS Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Japan CERES Consortium for European Research on Extragalactic Surveys CERFACS European Center for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation (Fr. Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique) CERGA Centre d'Études et de Recherches en Géodynamique et Astrométrie (Astronomigue), France CERGOP Central Europe Regional Geodynamics Project CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, (originally Fr. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), Switzerland CESJ Central European Science Journals CESR Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, France CESRA Community of European Solar Radio Astronomers CEST Central European Summer Time (UTC + 2h) CET Central European Time (UTC + 1h) Cet Cetus (constellation) CF Center of Figure CF Central African Republic (ISO code) cf. compare (Lat. confer) CF Constant Factor CfA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA, USA CFD Constant Fraction Discriminator (electronics) CFHT Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation CFO Chief Financial Officer CfP Call for Participation CFRP Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic CFRS Canada-France Redshift Survey CG Congo (ISO code) CGA Color Graphics Adapter CGFF Canadian Geodetic Fringe Fitting (software, DRAO) CGGTTS CCTF Group on GNSS Time Transfer Standards CG-IC China Geoinformatic Center of the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping CGI Common Gateway Interface CGLBI Canadian Geodetic Long Baseline Interferometry CGM Computer Graphics Metafile CGPM General Conference on Weights and Measures (Fr. Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures) CGPS Canadian Galactic Plane Survey CGPS Continuous GPS CGS Centimeter-Gram-Second system CGS Chinese Geophysical Society CGS ASI Space Geodesy Center (It. Centro di Geodesia Spaziale), Matera, Italy, the same as CSG CGSIC Civil GPS Service Interface Committee CGSN Canadian Gravity Standardization Net CGU Canadian Geophysical Union CH Switzerland (ISO code) Cha Chameleon (constellation) CHAMP CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload CHARA Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Chem. Chemical Chem. Chemistry ChEss Biogeography of Chemosynthetic Ecosytems CHIPS Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (University of California, Berkeley) CHL Continental Hockey League CI Color Index CI Cote d'Ivoire (ISO code) CI Critical Infrastructure CIA U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIC CIGNET Information Center, Rockville, MD, USA CICESE Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Education Superior de Encenada, Mexico CID Charged Injection Device CID Criminal Investigation Department CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIDA Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia, Merida, Venezuela CIE Commission Internationale d'Eclairage CIF Common Intermediate Format CIG Canadian Institute of Geomatics CIGNET Cooperative International GPS Network CIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval CIO Chief Information Officer CIO International Olympic Committee (Fr. Comite International Olympique (International Olympic Committee) CIO Commission Internationale d'Optique CIO Conventional International Origin CIP Celestial Intermediate Pole CIPE Central Institute for Physics of the Earth, Germany CIPM International Committee for Weights and Measures (Fr. Comité International des Poids et Mesures) Cir Circinus (constellation) Circ. Circular CIRS Celestial Intermediate Reference System CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CIS Contact Image Sensor CIS Conventional Inertial System CISAS Center of Studies and Activities for Space (It. Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Attivita' Spaziali) of the University of Padova CISTI Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, Canada cit. cited CITES Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species CIW Carnegie Institute of Washington, Wasington, DC, USA CK Cook Islands (ISO code) CL Chile (ISO code) C-L Civil-Long signal (GPS) CL ConsumerLab.com, LLC C-LAR Canadian Large Adaptive Reflector CLASS Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey CLCS Checkout and Launch Control System, NASA CLFST MRAO Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope CLG Central Laboratory for Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria CLIPS Climate Information and Prediction Services clk clock CLPP Central Laboratory for Parallel Processing, Bulgaria CLS CLear Screen CLS Collecte Localization Satellites, Ramonville Cedex, France CLS Common Language Specification CLX Component Library for Cross Platforms (computing) CM Cameroon (ISO code) CM Center of Mass C-M Civil-Moderate signal (GPS) CMa Canis Major (constellation) CMA China Meteorological Administration CMA Comparative Market Analysis CMarZ Census of Marine Zooplankton CMASF San Fernando Automatic Meridian Circle (Sp. Circulo Meridiano Automatico de San Fernando), CUC observatory, Argentina CMB Center-of-Mass Ballance CMB Core-Mantle Boundary CMB Cosmic Microwave Background CMC Carlsberg Meridian Catalog CMC Common Massaging Calls (API) CMC Core-Mantle Coupling CMD Constant Mid-Signal Detection CME Coronal Mass Ejections CMG Companion of the order of St. Michael & St. George CMi Canis Minor (constellation) CML Combined Membership List CMMACS CSIR Center for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore, India CMONOC Crustal Movement Observation Network of China CMOS Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CMT Carlsberg Meridian Telescope CMVA Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array CN Center of Network CN China (ISO code) Cnc Cancer (constellation) CNES French Space Agency (Centre National d'Études Spatiales), Toulouse, France CNN Cable News Network, USA CNR Communication Network Riser (PC slot) CNR National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Bologna, Italy CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France CNS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS Systems, Inc.), Severna Park, MD, USA c/o care of CO Central Office CO Colombia (ISO code) CO Colorado Co. Company COAST MRAO Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope COBOL COmmon Business-Oriented Language COBRAS COsmic Background Radiation Anisotropy Satellite C.O.D. Cash On Delivery COD Center for Orbit Determination CODASYL COnference on DAta SYstem Language, USA CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology CODE Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, AIUB, Bern, Switzerland CODI UN Committee on Development Information CODMAC ILRS Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and Computing COEO Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillator COGR Continuously Operating GPS Receiver COHIG Core-O'Higgins VLBI experiments COI Co-Investigator COKE Connected between OLIVE and KSP network Experiment, Japan Col. Colonel Col. Colorado Col. College Coll. Colloquium Colo. Colorado Col Columba (constellation) CoM Center of Mass Com Coma Berenices (constellation) COM Component Object Model COMET Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes and Tectonics, UK CoML Census of Marine Life Comm. Communication (technology) Comm. Communications (journal) COMPTEL Compton Telescope, Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory CONAE COmision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Argentina Conf. Conference CONFOR CONnection of Frames in Optical and Radio regions Conn. Connecticut Cont. Continued Cont. Contract CONTOUR COmet Nucleus Tour CONUS Continental United States COO Chief Operating Officer Coop. Cooperative COP Chief of Party (geodesy, geology) COP Code Predicted orbit COPs Control Operation Planning subsystem, Japan COPUOS UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space CORDIS EU Community Research & Development Information Service CORE Continuous Observations of the Rotation of the Earth CORF Committee on Radio Frequencies, USA Corp. Corporation CORS Continuously Operating Reference Stations COSIS Copernicus Online Service and Information System COSMIC NASA COmputer Software Management and Information Center COSMIC Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate COSPAR Committee on Space Research COSPAS-SARSAT COsmicheskaya Systema Poiska Avariinyh Sudov - Search And Rescue SATellite, Russia COSTAR Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (HST) COSTED Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries Comprehensive Suprathermal and COSTEP Comprehensive Suprathermal and Energetic Particle Analyzer (SOHO) COTES Conventional Terrestrial Reference System COTS Commercial Off The Shelf CoW Council of Wise COWAT Coaxial Wave-guide Transformer CP Collaborative Programs CP Command Processor cp. compare CP NASA STI Conference Publication CPAN Comprehensive Perl Archive Network CPC Cape Photographic Catalog CPC Communist Party of China CPC IERS Conventions Product Center CPD Cape Photographic Durchmusterung cpd cycles per day CPF SLR Consolidated Prediction Format CPIRSS USNO Catalog of Positions of Infrared Stellar Sources CPO Celestial Pole Offset CPO Chief Petty Officer CPP Calling Party Pays CPP Combination Pilot Project (IERS) CPS Certification Practice Statement cps character per second cpsd cycles per sidereal day Cpt. Captain CPTT GPS Carrier Phase Time Transfer CPU Central Processing Unit CQD Come Quick, Danger (used before SOS) CR Carriage Return CR Choke Ring (antenna) CR NASA STI Contractor Report CR Costa Rica (ISO code) CrA Corona Australis (constellation) CRAAE Center for Radio Astronomy and Space Applications (Pg. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Aplicacoes Espaciais), Brazil CRAF ESF Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies CrAO Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine CRaTER Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (LRO) CrB Corona Borealis (constellation) CRC Camera Ready Copy CRC IERS Combination Research Center CRD Consolidated laser Ranging Data format CRDF Civilian R&D Foundation for the Independent States of the FSU, USA CRESTech Center for Research in Earth and Space Technology, Canada CRF Celestial Reference Frame CRGS Centre de Ressources - Génotypage et Séquençage CrIS Cross-track Infrared Sounder (NPOESS) CRL Communications Research Laboratory (now NICT), Japan CRLHI CRL Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan CRMS Clock RMS (IGS) CRS Celestial Reference System CRSR Centre for Radiophysics and Space Research, AUT, NZ CRT Cathode Ray Tube Crt Crater (constellation) Cru Crux (constellation) Crv Corvus (constellation) CRV Current Replacement Value CS Communication Satellite CS CornerStoun mission (ESA) CSA Canadian Space Agency CSAC Chip-Scale Atomic Clock CSART Constrained Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique CSB China Seismological Bureau CSBN IAU Committee on Small Body Nomenclature CSC Computer Science Corp., Silver Spring, MD, USA CSC Computer Sciences Corp., Falls Church, VA, USA CSCD Chinese Science Citation Database CSG ASI Center of Spatial Feodesy (It. Centro di Geodesia Spaziale), Matera, Italy, the same as CGS CSG Chinese Society for Geodesy CSI Chinese Scientometric Indicators CSI Crime Scene Investigation CSIC Spanish Research Council (Sp. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas) CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghana CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia CSM Chinese Society for Meteorology CSM NCAR Climate System Model CSMPG Chinese Society for Mineral Petrology and Geo-Chemistry CSnet Computer Science Network CSO California Institute of Technology 10.4-m Submillimeter Telescope, Mauna Kea, HI, USA CSO Chinese Society for Oceanology CSO Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator CSO Compact Symmetric Object CSOC Consolidated Space Operations Contract, NASA, USA CSOL Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology CSPAD Compensated Single Photon (Photoelectron) Avalanche Diode CSPI College Student Precommissioning Initiative CSR Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA CSR Center for Space Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA CSR Concept Study Report CSRC California Spatial Reference Center, San Diego, CA, USA CSRIFS Combined Square Root Information Filter and Smoother CSRS Canadian Spatial Reference System CSS Cascading Style Sheets CSS Catalina Sky Survey CSS Compact Steep Spectrum radio source(s) CSS Content Scrambling System CSSC Corona Space Surveillance Centre, Oslo, Norway CSSCI Chinese Social Science Citation Index CSSS Chinese Society for Space Sciences CST U.S. Central Standard Time (UTC - 6h) CST China Standard Time (UTC + 8h) CSTC Air Force Sunnyvale Consolidated Space Test Center, USA CSTG IAG Commission VIII - International Coordination of Space Techniques for Geodesy and Geodynamics CSTP Council for Science and Technology Policy, Japan CSTPC China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations CSUF California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA CSWC Chinese Society for Water Conservancy CT Connecticut ct. cent Ct. Court CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network CTE Charge Transfer Efficiency (CCD) CTE Coefficient of Thermal Expansion CTIO Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile CTIP CSIRO Telecommunications & Industrial Physics Ctl Control CTLRS Chinese Transportable Laser Ranging System CTO Chief Technology Officer CTP Conventional Terrestrial Pole CTRF Conventional Terrestrial Reference Frame Ctrl Control CTRS Conventional Terrestrial Reference System CTS Canadian Technology Satellite CTS Communication Technology Satellite CTS Conventional Terrestrial System CTSM Continuous Time Stochastic Modelling CTU FNSPE Czech Technical University Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering CTVA Canadian Transportable VLBI Antenna CTX Context Imager (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) CU Cuba (ISO code) CU see you CU University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA CUC Carlos U. Cesco observatory, Argentina CUO Copenhagen University Observatory CUP Cambridge University Press CUREA Consortium for Undergraduate Research and Education in Astronomy, MWO, USA CV Cape Verde (ISO code) CV Common View CV Curriculum Vitae CVF Compaq Visual Fortran CVn Canes Venatici (constellation) CVN Chinese VLBI Network CVO Canadian Virtual Observatory CVT Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation CW Chandler Wobble CWT Continuous Wavelet Transform CX Christmas Island (ISO code) CXML Compaq eXtended Math Library CXO Chandra X-ray Observatory CY Cyprus (ISO code) Cyg Cygnus (constellation) CyTeG Cyber Tech Group CZ Czech Republic (ISO code) CZIN Czech Institute of Navigation
D Defender (sport) D. Democrat (a member of the Democratic Party) D. Department D Division D. Doctor D Draws/Drawn (sport) d. penny DA Digital-to-Analog DA Direct Access DA District Attorney DAAC NASA/JPL Distributed Active Archive Center DAC Data Analysis Center DAC Digital-to-Analog Convertor DAL Delta AirLines DAM Direct Access Method DAMA DArk MAtter project DANOF Departement d'Astronomie Fondamentale, Paris Observatory, France (now SYRTE) DANTE Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe DAO Data Access Objects DAO NASA/GSFC Data Assimilation Office DAO Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, Canada DARA German Space Agency DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA DART Dynamic Advertising Reporting Targeting DAS Data Acquisition System DAS Data Analysis System DAS Data Archive Server DAS Data Assimilation System DASD Direct Access Storage Device DASOS DAS Operating System DAT Data Acquisition Terminal DB DataBase DB Directing Board DBA Doctor of Business Administration DBBC Digital BaseBand Converter DBC DataBase Code (VLBI) DBCS Double-Byte Character Set DBE Digital Back-End DBH Data Base Handler (Mark-3 VLBI data format) dble Double DBMS DataBase Management System DBRN Data-Based Referenced Navigation DC Data Center DC Device Context DC Direct Current DC District of Columbia DCB Data Control Block DCB Device Control Block DCB Differential Code Bias (GNSS) DCDFT Date Compensated Discrete Fourier Transform DCE Data Communication Equipment DCL Digital Command Language DCS Data Collecting System DCT Lowell's Discovery Channel Telescope DD NOAA FSL Demonstration Division DD Double Density DD Double Difference (GNSS) DD Dual-Depth (GPS antenna) D-day Designated day DDA Division on Dynamical Astronomy, American Astronomical Society DDE Dynamic Data Exchange DDI Device Driver Interface DDK Microsoft Driver Development Kits DDN Defense Data Network DDNA Divided Difference Noise Analysis DDoS Distributed Denial of Service DDR Ger. Deutsche Democratik Republik DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM DDR2 SDRAM Double Data Rate Two SDRAM DDR3 SDRAM Double Data Rate Three SDRAM DDT DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane DDV Dialog Data Validation DDX Dialog Data Exchange DE Declination DE Delaware DE Development Ephemerides DE Differential Equation DE Germany (ISO code) Dec December Dec Declination DEC Digital Equipment Corp., USA DECnet DEC networking product def. Defeat Def. Definition DEGRIAS DElft Geodetic Radio Interferometry Adjustment System (software) Del. Delaware Del. Delete Del Delphinus (constellation) Dem. Democrat (a member of the Democratic Party) DEM Digital Elevation Model Centre, Montfort University, UK DEOS Delft Institute for Earth-Oriented Space Research, DUT, the Netherlands dep. Deputy Dept. Department DEST Department of Education, Science and Training, Australia DET Detachment DEVOS Deep Extragalactic VLBI-Optical Survey DF Defender (sport) DFAS Defence Finance and Accounting Service DFD Data Flow Diagram DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DF&P WG ILRS Data Formats and Procedures Working Group DFPWG ILRS Data Formats and Procedures Working Group DFN Deutsches Forschungnetz, Germany DFNK German Research Network on Natural Disasters DFRF Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, CA, USA DFS Duty Free Shop DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation DFTNIC NASA/GSFC Data Flow Technology Network Information Center DG Delay Generator (electronics) DGFI German Geodetic Research Institute (Ger. Deutsches Geodätisches ForschungsInstitut), Munich, Germany DGGA Dense GPS Geodetic Array, USA DGK German Geodetic Commission (Ger. Deutsche Geodätische Kommission) DGON German Institute of Navigation (Ger. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ortung und Navigation) DGPS Differential GPS DGRS Dynamically nonrotating Geocentric Reference System DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security DHS IUHPS Division of History of Science DHTML Dynamic HTML DIA Detection, Identification, Adaptation DIB Device Independent Bitmap DIF DOMES Information Form DIQ Data and Information Quality DIM Data Input Module DIMM Differential Image Motion Monitor DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module DIOGENE Determination Immediate d'Orbite par GPS Et Navigateur Embarque DIR DIRectory DIS Data Information System DITT Department of Land, Noumea, New Caledonia Div. Division DIVA Double Interferometer for Visual Astrometry satellite (Deutsches Interferometer für Vielkanalphotometrie und Astrometrie) DIXI Deep Impact eXtended Investigation of Comets DJ DeskJet printer DJ Disc Jockey DJ Djibouti (ISO code) DK Denmark (ISO code) DL Dynamically Loaded DLA Defense Logistics Agency, USA DLL Delay Locked Loop DLL Dynamic Link Library DLR German Aerospace Center (Ger. Deutsche Forshungsanstalt für Luft- and Raumfart e.V.), Neustrelitz, Germany DLS Distinguished Lecture Series DM Dark Matter DM Deutsche Mark DM Dominica (ISO code) DM (D/M) Dorne-Margolin (GPS antenna) DMA U.S. Defence Mapping Agency DMA Direct Memory Access DMAHTC DMA Hydrographic and Topographic Center DMCR Dorne-Margolin Choke Ring (GPS antenna) DME Distance Measuring Equipment DMG Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, Germany DMI Danish Meteorological Institute DMI David Malin Images DMI Desktop Management Interface DMS Data Measurement System DMSA Double and Multiply Stars Annex (HIPPARCOS) DMSP DoD Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, USA DMZ DeMilitarized Zone DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DNS Domain Name System (Domain Name Service) (Internet) DO Dominican Republic (ISO code) DOC DOCument, DOCumentation DoD U.S. Department of Defense DODG Doris Orbit Determination Group DoE U.S. Department of Energy dof degree of freedom (statistics) DOGS DGFI Orbit and Geodetic parameter estimation Software (System) DOGS-CS DOGS-Combination and Solution DoI U.S. Department of the Interior DOI Digital Object Identifier DOM Data Output Module DOM Document Object Model DOMES Directory of Merit Sites DOMEX DOMEs EXtended DOP Dilution of Precision (GNSS) Dor Dorado (constellation) DORIS Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite DoS Denial of Service DOS Department of Space, India DOS Disk Operating System DOSE Dynamics of the Solid Earth DOSLI Department of Survey and Land Information, Wellington, New Zealand DOT Data Observe Time (VSI) DoT U.S. Department of Transportation DOT Dynamic Ocean Topography DOY Day of Year DP Double Precision D-PAF Germany Processing and Analysis (Archiving) Facility, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany dpi dots per inch DPL Data Prefetch Logic DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface DPMS Dahlgren Polar Monitoring Service DPS Data Processing System DPS Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society DPSSL Diode Pumped Solid State Laser DQA Data Quality Analysis DQE Detective Quantum Efficiency Dr. Doctor Dr. Drive Dra Draco (constellation) DRAO HIA Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton, BC, Canada DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory DRE Doppler Ranging Equipment DREM Dynamic Reference Earth Model DREN Defense Research and Engineering Network DRF Delay Resolution Function (VLBI) DRI Desert Research Institute, NV, USA DRM Digital Rights Management DRP Driver Registration Packet DRTS Data Relay Test Satellite, Japan DS Strassburg Center of Astronomical Data (Fr. Centre de Donnes Astronomiques de Strasburg), France DS Double Sided (disk) DSB Defence Science Board, USA DSC Digital Selective Calling DSCC Depp Space Communication Complex (DSN) DSCS Defense Satellite Communication System satellites DSD Defense Signal Directorate, Australia DSGS Densely Spaced Geodetic Systems DSIR/PEL Department of Scientific & Industrial Researches / Physics & Engineering Laboratory, Lauder, New Zealand DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DSN NASA/JPL Deep Space Network D.S.O. Distinguished Service Order (UK) DSP Digital Signal Processing DSP Digital Signal Processor DSS NASA/JPL Deep Space Station DSS STScI Digitized Sky Survey DST Daylight Savings Time DSU Data Service Unit DTAG Deutsche Telekom AG, Germany DTD Document Type Definition DTM Digital Terrain Map DTMF Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (Telephony) DTOF Differential Time of Flight (SLR) DTR Diurnal Temperature Range2 DTS Data Transmission System (VLBI) DTU Technical University of Denmark DUACS Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies DUI Drive Under Influence DUT Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands DUT/OSG DUT Observatory for Space Geodesy, the Netherlands DVB Digital Video Broadcast DVB-H Digital Video Broadcast handheld terminal DVB-S Digital Video Broadcast over satellite DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (TV standard) DVD Digital Video (Versatile) Disk DVI Digital Visual Interface DVLBI Differential VLBI D.W. Daily Worker (newspaper) DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing DWE Doppler Wind Experiment (Cassini/Huygens mission) DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform DX Duplex DyMEG Dynamic Model for Earth Rotation and Gravity Dyn. Dynamical DZ Algeria (ISO code) dz. dozen
E East E Einstein Observatory (used in space object naming) E (E-) Electronic E. Engineer ea. each EA Exchange of Astronomers EAA Experimental Aircraft Association EAAE European Association for Astronomy Education EAAM Effective Atmospheric Angular Momentum EAC Earth Approaching Comet(s) EAD Employment Authorization Document EADS European Aeronautic Defense and Space company EAGE European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers EAGO EurAsian Geophysical Society EAM Effective Angular Momentum EAM Federal Office of Metrology, Switzerland EAMF Effective Atmospheric angular Momentum Functions EAN European Article Numbering EAPS MIT Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences department, Cambridge, MA, USA EARN European Academic Research Network EASI Earth and Space Index EAVN East Asia VLBI Network EBCDIC Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRY Eastern Basin Range Yellowstone, USA EBS Electron Bombarded Silicon EC Ecuador (ISO code) EC Environment Canada EC Erase Character EC European Commission EC European Community EC European Council EC European Cup (sport) EC Executive Committee ECAC European Conference on Applied Climatology ECB European Central Bank ECC CEPT Electronic Communications Committee ECC Error-Correcting Code memory ECCC European Champion Clubs Cup ECCO Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System ECEF Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed coordinate system ECGN European Combined Geodetic Network ECGS European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology, Luxembourg ECI Earth-Centered Inertial coordinate system ECMWF European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting ECOM Extended CODE Orbit Model ECP Enhanced Capability Port ECRA Eastern Center for Research in Astrophysics, IRE, India ECRS European Coordinate Reference System ECSF Earth-Centered Space-Fixed coordinate system ECSN European Climate Support Network ECTS European Credit Transfer System ECU European Currency Unit ECWC European Cup Winners' Cup Ed. Edited Ed. Editor ED European Datum EDA European Distributed Access EDC EROS Data Center EDC EUROLAS Data Center, Munich, Germany EDC DAAC EROS/EOSDIS Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center EDF SLR Engineering Data File EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution EDM Electronic Distance Measuring (Measurement) EDMI Electronic Distance Measuring Instrument EDO Extended Data Out (RAM) EDP Eau de Parfum EDP Sciences Fr. Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences Eds. Editors EDT U.S. Eastern Daylight Time (UTC - 4h) EDT Eau de Toilette EE Estonia (ISO code) EEC European Economic Community EEE Earthquake Environmental Effects E-ELT European Extremely Large Telescope EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (US Air Force) EEO Equal Employment Opportunity EEOF Extended EOF analysis EEOS European Earth Observation System EEP Einstein Equivalence Principle (Principal) EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EET Electronic Engineering Times (newspaper) EFI Extensible Firmware Interface EFOSC ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera EFTA European Free Trade Association EG Egypt (ISO code) e.g. for instance (Lat. exempli gratia) EGA Extended (Enhanced) Graphics Adapter EGAE Experiment-Guided Adaptive Endpoint EGEE Enabling Grids for E-science in Europe EGI Embedded GPS/INS EGM Earth Gravity Model EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service EGRET Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope EGS European Geophysical Society (now EGU) EGS Experimental Geodetic Satellite EGU European Geosciences Union (former EGS + former EUG) EGVAP EUMETNET GPS water vapour programme EH Western Sahara (ISO code) EHA Ethernet Hardware Address EHF Extra High Frequency EiC Editor-in-Chief EICAR European Institute for Computer Anti-virus Research EIDS European Integrity Determination System (Galileo) EIH Einstein-Infeld-Hoffman (equations) EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture EKF Extended Kalman Filter EKBO Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Objects El Elevation ELAIS European Large Area ISO Survey ELDP European Lake Drilling Program Elect. Electrical Electron. Electronics ELF Extra (Extremely) Low Frequency ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle ELVIS Expendable Launch Vehicle Integrated Support EM Eigenvector Method EM ElectroMagnetic Emacs Editor MACroS EMB Earth-Moon Barycenter EMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference EMIR European Microgravity Research Program EMMA European Multi-services Meteorological Awareness EMP EMR Predicted orbit EMPV Epoch of Minimal Position Variance EMR Now NRCan EMS European Macroseismic Scale EMS European Meteorological Society EMS Express Mail Service eNav Electronic Navigation ENC Electronic Nautical Chart ENE East-Northeast Eng. Engineer(s) Eng. Engineering ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer ENSO El Nino/Southern Oscillation ENVISAT ENVIronmental SATellite EO Equation of Origin EOAM Effective Oceanic Angular Momentum EOB End-Of-Block EOC NASDA Earth Observation Center EOF Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis EOF End-Of-File EOL End-Of-Life EOM End-Of-Month EOP Earth Orientation Parameters EOPAP NASA Earth and Ocean Physics Application Program EOS Earth Observing System EOS Electro Optic Systems PTY Ltd., Australia EOS End-Of-Support EOS European Optical Society EOSDIS NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System EOT End-Of-Tape (computing) EOV End-Of-Volume (computing) EOY End-of-Year EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPIC Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC, USA EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction set Computing EPIGGOS European Partners for IGGOS EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon EPL Excess Path Length EPN EUREF Permanent Network (European Permanent GPS Network) EPO Education and Public Outreach EPOCh Extrasolar Planet Observations and Characterization EPOS Ephemeris Program for Objects of Solar system EPP Enhanced Parallel Port EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EPS Earth, Planets, and Space (journal) EPS Encapsulated PostScript EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK EPUSP-PTR Escola Politecnica da USP-PTR EQ EarthQuake eq. equal eq. equation eq. equivalent EQC Earthquake Commission, New Zealand EQC Environmental Quality Control Eqpt. Equipment eqs. equations Equ Equuleus (constellation) ER Eritrea (ISO code) ERA Earth Rotation Angle ERA Ephemeris Research in Astronomy (software) ERCOFTAC European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion ERDE VLBI Extended Research and Development Experiment EREI Elliptically symmetric, Rotating, Elastic, Isotropic (Earth model) ERI Earthquake Research Institute, Tokio University, Japan ERI Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokio, Japan Eri Eridanus (constellation) ERIDOC European Radio Interferometry and Doppler Observational Campaign ERLcat USNO Extragalactic Reference Link Catalog ERO European Radiocommunications Office EROLD Earth Rotation from Lunar Distances (LLR project) EROS NASA/USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems (Earth Resources Observing Satellite) ERP Earth Rotation Parameters ERP Enterprise Resource Planning ERS Earth Resources Satellite ERS Environmental Research Satellite ERS European Remote Sensing satellite ERS Extragalactic Radio Source ERTS NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite ERVA Estaciones de Referencia GPS/GNSS de Valencia, Spain Er:YAG Erbium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet ES Spain (ISO code) ESA European Space Agency ESATT European Science and Technology Transfer Network ESC ESCape ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESD ElectroStatic Discharge ESDCD NASA/GSFC Earth and Space Data Computing Division ESE NASA Earth Science Enterprise ESE East-Southeast ESF European Science Foundation ESG European Society of Geodesy ESI Edge Side Includes (HTML extension) ESL English as a Second Language ESLRS NASA/GSFC Experimental Satellite Laser Ranging System ESMF NASA/UCAR Earth System Modeling Framework project ESN Electronic Serial Number ESO European Southern Observatory, Chile ESOC European Space Operations Center, Darmstadt, Germany esp. especially ESP ESA Predicted orbit ESPERE Environmental Science Published for Everybody Round the Earth ESPP Employee Stock Purchase Plan Esq. Esquire Esqr. Esquire ESRIN European Space Research Institute ESSAS Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas ESSP Earth System Science Pathfinder ES SRIPRM East-Siberian Scientific Research Institute for Physics-technical and Radio-technical Measurements (VS NIIFTRI) Est. Established EST U.S. Eastern Standard Time (UTC - 5h) ESTB EGNOS System Test Bed ESTEC ESA European Space Research and Technology Center, Noordwijk, the Netherlands ESTEDI European Spatio-Temporal Data Infrastructure for High-Performance Computing ESTO NASA Earth Science Technology Office ET Ephemeris Time ET Ethiopia (ISO code) ET Event Timer ETA Electronic Travel Authority (Australia) ETA Expected Time of Arrival et al. and others (Lat. et alia) etc. and others, and so on (Lat. et cetera) ETC IAG Earth Tide Commission ETH Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ETRS European Terrestrial Reference System ETS Engineering Test Satellite ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EU European Union EUCOS EUMETNET Composite Observing System EUG European Union of Geosciences (now EGU) EUGIN European Group of Institutes of Navigation EULA End User License Agreement EUMETNET European Meteorological Network (Network of European Meteorological Services) EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites EUPOS European Position Determination System EUR Europe EURD Experiment for the Detection of the UV Background Radiation (LAEFF, Spain) EUREF Subcommission for Europe of the IAG Commission X EUREF European Reference Frame EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of METeorological SATellites EUROLAS European Laser Consortium Euro-SPAN European Space Physics Analysis Network EUSO Extreme Universe Space Observatory (ESA) EUV Extreme Ultraviolet EUVN European Vertical GPS Reference Network EVA ESMF VAlidation EVA Extravehicular Activity EVGA European VLBI Group for Geodesy and Astrometry EVLA Expanded Very Large Array e-VLBI Electronic transfer VLBI EVM EigenVector Method EVN European VLBI Network EVRF European Vertical Reference Frame EVRS European Vertical Reference System EW East-West exc. except ExCom PNT Executive Committee, USA Exec. Executive EXPReS Express Production Real-time e-VLBI Service Ext. Extension
F Fahrenheit F Female F Fortran F Forward (sport) F. French F2F Face to Face FAA U.S. Federal Aviation Administration FAA Foundation for the Advancement of Astronomy, Australia FABRIC Future Array of Broadband Radio-telescopes on Internet Computing FACA Federal Advisory Committee Act, USA FAG Frequently Asked Questions FAGS Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services (now CAGS) FAME Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer, NASA/USNO FAMT Fully Automatic Machine Translation FANS Future Air Navigation Systems FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization FARIMA Fractional AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average FAS Federation of American Scientists FAST Facilitated Access to the Space Environment for Technology Development and Training, NASA FAST Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer, NASA FAST Fly-Away Satellite Terminal FAT File Access Table (File Allocation Table) FAX Facsimile System FBI U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation FBL Fairhead-Bretagnon-Lestrade FBM Fractional Brownian Motion FBN U.S. NGS Federal Base Network FC Football Club FCC U.S. Federal Communications Commission FCFS First Come First Served FCI Facility Condition Index FCN Free Core Nutation FDA Fisher Discriminant Analysis FDB File Description Block FDC France Development Council FDD Floppy Disk Drive FDDI Fiber Distibuted Data Interface FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FDR Foundation for Research Development, South Africa FDX Full DupleX Feb February FedEx Federal Express FEM Finite Element Method (mathematics) FEMA U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency FESG Detlef Angermann Research Facility for Space Geodesy (Ger. Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodäsie), Technical University Munich, Germany FET Field Effect Transistor FF French Frank FFDP Far Field Diffraction Pattern FFI Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Norw. Forsvarets ForskningsInstitutt), Norway FFRDC Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, USA FFT Fast Fourier Transformation FGCC U.S. Federal Geodetic Control Committee FGCS Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee, USA FGI Finnish Geodetic Institute, Helsinki, Finland FGN Fractional Gaussian Noise FGNP Field Generated Normal Points FGS Fine Guidance Sensor (HST) FGS Research Group for Satellite Geodesy (Ger. Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodäsie), Germany (BKG, FESG, DGFI, GIUB) FHA U.S. Federal Highway Administration FHWA U.S. Federal Highway Administration FI Finland (ISO code) FIB File Identification Block FICN Free Inner Core Nutation FIDE International Chess Federation (Fr. Fédération Internationale de Echecs) FIF Fractal Image Format FIFA International Federation of Football Associations (Fr. Fédération Internationale de Football Associations) FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment FIFO First-In, First-Out Fig. Figure FIG International Federation of Surveyors (Fr. Fédération Internationale des Geometres) FINLAS Metsahovi Laser Station, Finland FIR Finite Impulse Response FIRST Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm FIS FIFE Information System FITS Flexible Image Transport System FIU Florida International University, FL, USA FJ Fiji (ISO code) FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (ISO code) FK Fundamental Catalog (Ger. Fundamental Katalog) FL Fixed Laser System FL Florida f.l. focal length Fla. Florida FLI Finger Lakes Instrumentation, Lima, NY, USA FLINN Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural science Network FLOPS FLoating-point Operations Per Second FM Federated States of Micronesia (ISO code) FM Frequency Modulation FNRS Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium FNW Free Network Analysis (GNSS) FO Faroe Islands (ISO code) FO Fiber Optic FOC Faint Object Camera (HST) FOC Fluid Outer Core FOC Fully Operational Capability FOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing FOMI Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing, Hungary For Fornax (constellation) FOREX FOReign E•change market FORS FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph, VLT, ESO FORTRAN FORmula TRANslator FOT Federal Office of Topography (Ger. Bundesamt für Landestopographie), Wabern, Switzerland (the same as BfL, LPT, L+T) FOT Flight Operations Team FOUO For Official Use Only FOV Field of View FPAG ESA SPC Fundamental Physics Working Group FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array FPN FootPrint Network FR Fanaroff-Riley (radio source classification) FR Faraday Rotation FR France (ISO code) Fr. French FR Full-Rate FRA U.S. Federal Railroad Administration FRCN IUGG Fundamental Reference and Calibration Network FRD Foundation for Research and Development, South Africa FREDNET Friuli Regional Deformation Network, Italy FRG Federal Republic of Germany Fri Friday FRI Fanaroff-Riley type I radio source FRII Fanaroff-Riley type II radio source FRM Focus/Rotation Mount (VLBA antenna) Frm. Former FRP Federal Radionavigation Plan, USA FRS Federal Radionavigation Systems, USA F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society FRT Fringe Reference Time FS Field System FSA UK Financial Services Authority FSD File System Driver FCE First Certificate in English FSF Free Software Foundation FSG Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodäsie, TU Munich, Germany FSK Frequency Shift Key modulation FSL NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory FSL/DD NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory Demonstration Division FSS Fixed Satellite Services FSS Frequency Selective Surface FSSR Frequency Selective Sub-Reflector FSU Former Soviet Union FSW Fundamental Station Wettzell ft. foot, feet Ft. Fort FT Fourier Transform FTBPF Fourier Transform Band Pass Filter FTE Full Time Equivalent FTLRS French Transportable Laser Ranging System (Station) FTP File Transfer Protocol FTS Fourier Transform Spectroscopy FUSE NASA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer FUV Far Ultraviolet FV Fixed VLBI System FW Fire Wall FW Forward (sport) FWD Four-Wheel Drive FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum Fwy Freeway FX France, metropolitan (ISO code) FXO Foreign eXchange Office (Telephony) FXS Foreign eXchange Station (Subscriber) (Telephony) FY Fiscal Year FYI For Your Information
G-7 Group of Seven G-8 Group of Eight GA Gabon (ISO code) GA General Assembly GA Georgia GA Geoscience Australia (formerly AUSLIG) GA Goals Against (sport) GA Great Attractor (Cosmology) GaAsP Gallium Arsenide Photo diode GAC Geological Association of Canada GAGAN GPS and GEO Augmented Navigation system, India GAGER Geodesy, Astrometry, Geodynamics, Earth Rotation software GAGOS Geodetic And Geohazard Observing System GAIA Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics GAIA Graphical Astronomy and Image Analysis tool GAINR GPS-aided Inertial Navigation Reference system gal. gallon GAL General Astrodynamics Library GALAXY Giga-bit Astronomical Large Array with cross connect, Japan GALEX NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer GAMA GPS Array for Mid-America, USA GAMIT Gps At MIT (software) GARMA Generalized AutoRegressive Moving Average GARNET GSI Advanced Radiotelescope Network, Japan GAOUA Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine G.A.R Great American Revolution (the War of Independence) GARS German Antarctic Receiving Station O'Higgins, Antarctica GAPE Great Alaska and Pacific VLBI Experiment GARS German Antarctic Receiving Station GAS GPS Analysis Software GASP GPS Atmosphere Sounding Project, Germany GAST Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GAVRT Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope GAW Global Atmosphere Watch Gb Gigabit GB Gigabyte GB Good Bye GB Governing Board GB Green Bank GB Great Britain GB United Kingdom (ISO code) GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation Systems GBI NRAO Green Bank Interferometer GBP Great Britain Pound Gbps Gigabits per second GBps Gigabytes per second GBR GigaBit data Recorder GBSS Geodetic Base Station Software GBT NRAO Green Bank Telescope, WV, USA GC General Catalog GCC Global Climate Coalition GCDC NASA/GSFC Global Change Data Center GCGO Gilmore Creek Geophysical Observatory, Fairbanks, AK, USA GCM General Circulation Model GCOS Global Climate Observing System GCPS Galactic Center P-band Survey GCRF GAIA Celestial Reference Frame GCRS Geocentric Celestial Reference System GCS Global Citation Score GCS Ground Control System (Galileo) GCV Green Card Visa Organization, USA GCVS General Catalog of Variable Stars GD Grenada (ISO code) GDA Geocentric Datum of Australia GDC Global Data Center GDGPS Global Differential GPS GDI Graphical Device Interface GDI+ Graphics Device Interface GDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision (GNSS) GDP Gross Domestic Product GDR Geophysical Data Record GDR German Democratic Republic GDRF Galactic Dynamical Reference Frame GDSCC Goldstone Deep Space Communication Complex, Mojave Desert, CA, USA (DSN) GDSN Global Digital Seismograph Network GE General Electric Co., USA GE Georgia (ISO code) GEA Grup d'Estudis Astronomics GÉANT Development of the Network Infrastructure for pan-European Research GEDEX GEodetic Demonstration EXperiment (HALCA mission) Gem Gemini (constellation) GEMD Geospatial and Earth Monitoring Division, Geoscience Australia GEMS NASA Goddard Earth Modeling System GEMSTONE GEodetic Measurements by the collocation of Space Techniques ON Earth Gen. General GENESIS Global Environmental & Earth Science Information System GENI Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego, CA, USA GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit GEO Group on Earth Observations Geod. Geodesy GeoDAF Geodetical Data Archive Facility, Matera, Italy GeodIS Geodetic Information System, Germany GEODSS Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep-Space Surveillance, USA Geodyn. Geodynamics GEOIDE GEOmatics for Informed DEcisions, Canada GEONET GEOdynamic GPS NETworks, New Zealand GEONET GPS Earth Observation NETwork, Japan Geoph. Geophysical Geophys. Geophysical GEOS Geodetic and Earth Orbiting Satellite GEOSS Gene Expression Open Source System GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems GEOSAT GEOdesy SATellite Geosci. Geoscience(s) Ger. German GES NASA GSFC Earth Sciences GESS JPL Global Earthquake Satellite System GEST Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GSFC) GeTT Geodetic Time Transfer GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GEX Gigabit EXperiment (VLBI, Japan) GF French Guiana (ISO code) GF Goals For (sport) GFE Government Furnished Equipment GFO GEOSAT Follow-On program GFP GFZ Predicted orbit GFZ GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Germany GGAO Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory, Greenbelt, MD, USA GGF Global Geophysical Fluids GGFC IERS Global Geophysical Fluids Center GGM Global Gravitational Model GGM GRACE Gravity Model GGN Global GPS network GGOS Global Geodetic Observing System GGP Global Geodynamics Project (Gravity) GGSS Geodetic and Geophysical Sites Subcommission GGT Journal of Gökova Geometry/Topology GH Ghana (ISO code) GHA Greenwich Hour Angle GHMA Greek Hellenic Mapping Agency GI Geological Institute, Russia GI Geophysical Institute,University of Alaska, AK, USA GI Gibraltar (ISO code) GIA Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, AK, USA GIA Glacial Isostatic Adjustment GIBN Global Interoperability of Broadband Networks GIBS GPS Information and Observation System (Ger. GPS-Informations- und BeobachtungsSystem), Germany GICO Giga-bit Correlator GIF Graphic Image (Interchange) Format (CompuServe) GIFS Global Interactive Forecasting System GIFT Geophysical Information for Teachers GIFT Gifu University Telescope, Japan GIG GPS IERS and Geodynamics Experiment GIGGOS Global Integrated Geodetic and Geodynamic Observing System GIGO Garbage-In, Garbage-Out GIGOLO Global Information on Gravity Over Land & Ocean GILDAS Grenoble Image and Line Data Analysis Software GIM Global Ionosphere Map (Model) GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMPS Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search GINS Géodésie par Intégrations Numériques Simultanées (software) GIOVE Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element GIPSY GPS-Inferred Positioning SYstem GIS Geographic Information System (GeoInformation System) GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA GIUA Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA GIUB Geodetic Institute of the University of Bonn, Germany (now IGGB) GJRO German-Japanese Earth Rotation Observations VLBI campaign GJU Galileo Joint Undertaking GK GoalKeeper (sport) GL Geosciences Laboratory GL Greenland (ISO code) GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System GLAST Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope GLDAT NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System GLI Global Imager GLOBE Global Land One-km Base Elevation Project GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics GLOF Glacier Lake Outburst Flood GLONASS GLObal NAvigation Satellite System, Russia GLORIA GLObal Radio Interferometry Analysis (software, OPA) GLOSS Global Sea Level Observing System GLOSS Global Level Of the Sea Surface GLOUP GLObal Undersea Pressure GLRS Geodynamics Laser Ranging System GLRS Geophysical Laser Ranging System GLS GNSS Landing System GLTN Goddard Laser Tracking Network, USA GLU Générateur de Liens Uniformes GLUT OpenGL Utility Toolkit GM Gambia (ISO code) GM General Motors GM Grand Master (chess) GM Gravity Model GMA Geodetic Model of Australia GMDSS Global Maritime Distress & Safety System GMEM Generalized Maximum Entropy Method GMF GeoMagnetic Field GMF Global Mapping Function GMM Geometric Mean Method GMOS Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (UKATC/ROE) GMRT Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope, India GMST Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time GMT Generic Mapping Tools (software) GMT Greenwich Mean Time GN Guinea (ISO code) GNAAC IGS Global Network Associate Analysis Center GN&C Guidance, Navigation and Control GN IGS Global Net International Geodinamic Service GNO NASA/JPL GPS Networks and Operations Group GNOG NASA/JPL GPS Networks and Operations Group GNOS NASA/JPL GPS Network Operating System GNRT NASA/JPL Generalized Near-Real Time GNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System(s) GNU GNU's Not Unix GOCE Global Ocean Circulation Explorer (Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer) GO General Observer programs (SIRTF) GODAE Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment GODC NOAA Geosciences Laboratory Operational Data Center GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOF Goodness Of Fit GO-ITS Government of Ontario Information & Technology Standards GoMA Gulf of Maine Area program GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars GONG Global Oscillation Network Group, Tuscon, AZ, USA GOODS Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey GOOS Global Ocean Observing System GOPE Geodetic Observatory, Pecny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic GORF Goddard Optical Research Facility, Greenbelt, MD, USA GOT General Observing Time (VSOP) GOTEX Global Orbit Tracking Experiment GP Galactic Plane GP Guadeloupe (ISO code) GPA Grade Point Average GPA Green Point Average GP-B Gravity Probe B satellite GPF General Protection Fault GPIB General-Purpose Interface Bus GPL GNU General Public License GPR Ground Penetrating Radar GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum radio source(s) GPS Global Positioning System GPSDR GPS Demonstration Receiver GPSIC GPS Industry Council GPSMET GPS METeorology mission GPST GPS Time GQ Equatorial Guinea (ISO code) GR Greece (ISO code) GRA Geophysical Research Abstracts GRACE Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment GRAIL Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory GRAPE GPS Range And Phase Data Processing for the Earth Sciences (software, IAA) GRAPES GPS Regional Array for Precise Surveying/Physical Earth Science GRAS George R. Agassiz VLBI Station, Ft. Davis, TX, USA (the same as HRAS) GRB Gamma-Ray Burst GRC NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA GREF German Geodetic Reference Network GRELAS Dionysos Laser Station, Greece GRDL NOAA Geosciences Research and Development Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA GRGS Groupe de Recherches de Géodésie Spatiale, France GRIB2 WMO Gridded Binary Edition 2 data format GRIL GPS Receiver Interface Language GRIM GPS Receiver Interface Module GriPhyN Grid Physics Network GRL Geophysical Research Letters (journal) GROB HP-48sx Graphic Object GROSS Geodynamics, Rotation of the Earth, Orbit determination Study Software GRS Geocentric Reference System GRS Geodetic Reference System GRSS Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society GRT General Relativity Theory GRT Ground Radio Telescope Gru Grus (constellation) GS General Secretary GS Geochemical Society GS Globular Cluster GS General Schedule (U.S. Federal Wage System) GS South Georgia and the South Sandwich Island (ISO code) GSA Geological Society of America GSAC GPS Seamless Archive Center GSC Geological Survey of Canada GSC Guide Star Catalog GSD NRCan Geodetic Survey Division GSF Gross Square Feet GSFC NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA GSI Geographical Survey Institute, Tsukuba, Japan GSJ Geological Survey of Japan GSL Global Sea Level GSL GNU Scientific Library GSM Global System for Mobile communications (originally Group System Mobile) GSN GCOS Surface Network GSN Global Seismographic Network GSO GeoStationary Orbit GSOC German Space Operations Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany GSS Geodetic Survey Squadron GSSF Galileo System Simulation Facility GST GAIA Science Team GST Galileo System Time GST Greenwich Sidereal Time GST Goods and Services Tax GSTB Galileo System Test Bed GSTS Global Space telescope Schedule GT Gabor Transform GT Guatemala (ISO code) GTC Gran Telescopio Canarias GTE General Telephone and Electric, USA GTO Geostationary Transfer Orbit GTOS Global Terrestrial Observing System GTRF Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame GTRI Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA GTSN Global Telemetered Seismograph Network GU Guam (ISO code) GUAN GCOS Upper-Air Network GUI Graphical User Interface GUID Globally Unique IDentifier GUTS Global and high accUracy Trajectory determination System (NASDA) GVH Geo-VLBI Handler GVRS Global Vertical Reference System GVWG Global VLBI Working Group (URSI Commission J) GVWGTWG GVWG Technical Working Group GW George Washington GW Gravitational Waves GW Guinea-Bissau (ISO code) GWE Gravitational Wave Experiment (Cassini mission) GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network GWS Great White Spot GY Guyana (ISO code) GZ GEOZUP Company, Moscow, Russia
H Height HA Hour Angle HAARP High frequency Active Auroral Research Program HALCA Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy satellite, Japan HAM Hydrological Angular Momentum HAMK Hispano-Argentinean Meridian Catalogue HAMT Human Aided Machine Translation HAND Nave A Nice Day HA-NDGPS High Accuracy - Nationwide Differential GPS, USA HAO NCAR High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO, USA HARN High Accuracy Reference Network HartRAO Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, South Africa HAST U.S. Hawaiian Standard Time (UTC - 10h) HAVAGO Horizontal and Vertical Adjustment of Geodetic Observations HBR High Bit Rate h.c. by reason of honor (Lat. honoris causa) HC Hard Copy HC House of Commons HCDN USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network HCL Windows Hardware Compatibility List HCRF HIPPARCOS Celestial Reference Frame HD Hard Disk HD Henry Draper catalog HD High Density HDAM Hierarchical Direct Access Method HDD Hard Disk Drive HDF Hierarchical Data Format HDF Hubble Deep Field HDF-S Hubble Deep Field - South HDJ Hydrographic Department, Japan HDL Hardware Description Language HDLC High-level Data Link Control (communication protocol) HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision (GNSS) HDR High-data-rate HDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line HDT U.S. Hawaiian Daylight Time (UTC - 9h) HDT High Density Tape HDTV High-Definition TeleVision HDW2002 Hofner-Delgado-Whitney 2002 HE His/Her Eminence HE His/Her Excellency HEALPix Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelisation of the sphere HEASARC GSFC High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center HEFC Higher Education Funding Council HEI Higher Education Institute HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor HENP High-Energy Nuclear Physics HEO High Earth Orbit HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit HEPnet High Energy Physics Network Her Hercules (constellation) HESS Hydrology and Earth System Sciences HESS-D Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions (electronic journal) HESSI NASA High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager spacecraft (now RHESSI) HET Hobby Eberly Telescope, McDonald Observatory, TX, USA HETE NASA High Energy Transient Experiment HETE NASA High Energy Transient Explorer HF High Frequency HFET Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor HFP High Frequency Peaker hgt. height HGW89 Hayward-Grasdalen-Woodward 1989 HHT Heinrich Hertz Telescope, AZ, USA HI Hawaii HI Heat Index HIA Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Canada HIDAM Hierarchical Indexed Direct Access Method HiPEP High Power Electric Propulsion engine HIPPARCOS HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite HIRAN High Rate Navigation HIRLAM High Resolution Limited Area Modelling (meteorology) HISAM Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HK Hong kong (ISO code) HKMetS Hong Kong Meteorological Society HL House of Lords HM Heard and MC Donald Islands (ISO code) HM His/Her Majesty HMC Hydrogen Maser Clock HMNAO Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office, UK HMF Haystack Mapping Function HMI Human-Machine Interface HN Honduras (ISO code) HO MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, USA HOLLAS Haleakala Laser Station, Maui, HI, USA HOPLAS Mount Hopkins Laser Station, Mt. Hopkins, AZ, USA HOPS Haystack Observatory Postprocessing System Hor Horologium (constellation) HOW Hand Over World HP Hewlett Packard HP HorsePower HPBW Half-Power BeamWidth HPC High Performance Computing HPF High Pass Filter HPNA Home Phone Network Adapter HQ Headquarters HR Croatia (local name: Hrvatska) (ISO code) hr hour HR House of Representatives HRAO Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, South Africa HRAS Harvard Radio Astronomy Station, Ft. Davis, TX, USA (the same as GRAS) HRCC Human Resources Canada Center HREF Hypertext Reference HRF Hitachi Raster Format hrs hours HS High School HSA NRAO High Sensitivity Array HSAM Hierarchical Sequential Access Method HSCSD High-Speed Circuit Switched Data (Internet technology) HSF Human SpaceFlight HSI Handmade Software, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA HST U.S. Hawaiian Standard Time (UTC - 10h) HST Hubble Space Telescope HSTCP High-Speed TCP HSTDN Hawaii Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network HT Haiti (ISO code) HT HalfTime (sport) HTC Hydrographic and Topographic Center HTH Hope This Helps HTM Hierarchical Triangular Mesh HTML HyperText Markup Language HTRP High Time Resolution Processor (NRAO, VLA) HTS High-Temperature Superconductor HTSI Honeywell Technology Solutions, Inc., USA HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HU Hungary (ISO code) HUT Helsinki University of Technology HUT Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope H/W Hardware HW Hartmann and Wenzel tidal potential catalogue HWHM Half Width at Half Maximum HWT Harmonic Wavelet Transform Hwy Highway Hya Hydra (constellation) Hyi Hydrus (constellation)
I Infrared I Island i.a. in absentia IA Institute of Astronomy RAS, Moscow, Russia IA Iowa IAA Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgique IAA Institute of Applied Astronomy RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia IAA International Academy of Astronautics IAAC IGS Ionosphere Associate Analysis Center IAAF International Amateur Athletic Federation IAC Instituto de Astrofisika de Canarias, Spain IAC International Astronautical Congress IACC International Advanced Correlator Consortium (VLBI) IACC IGS Ionosphere Associate Combination Center IACG Inter Agency Committee on Geomatics, Canada IADA Intelligent Assistant for Data Analysis in VLBI (software, DGFI) IAF International Astronautical Federation IAG International Association of Geodesy IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy IAGBN International Absolute Gravity Base-station Network IAGC International Association of Geophysical Contractors IAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences IAI Independent Administrative Institute, Japan IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation IALA International Association of [Marine Aids to Navigation and] Lighthouse Authorities IAMAS International Association of Meteorological and Atmospheric Sciences IAMG International Association for Mathematical Geology IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IAPG Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie, TUM, Munich, Germany IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean IARAS Institute of Astronomy RAS, Moscow, Russia IARC International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, AK, USA IARU International Amateur Radio Union IAS Institute of Aerospace Science, USA IAS International Altimetry Service IASF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, INAF, Milan, Italy IASOM Institute for Advanced Searches in Orbital Mechanics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior IAT International Atomic Time (Fr. Temps Atomique International), the same as TAI IATA International Air Transport Association IAU International Astronomical Union IAVC IGS Ionosphere Associate Validation Center IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior IB Information Bulletin IB Inverted Barometer (geophysics) IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer or IBEX ibid. in the same book, journal, etc. (Lat. ibidem) IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia de Estatistica, Brazil IBM International Business Machines Corp., USA IBO Inverted Barometric Ocean IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBS International Bibliographic Service IBS IAG Bibliographic Service IBTA International Basement Tectonics Association IBVS Information Bulletin on Variable Stars IC Inner Core ICAG International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters campaign ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICARE Interactions Clouds Aerosols Radiations Etc ICB Inner Core Boundary ICBM InterContinental Ballistic Missile ICC Institut Cartografic de Catalunya, Barselona, Spain ICC Inter-Commission Committee ICC International Criminal Court ICCD Intensified Charged Coupled Device ICCG Interagency Coordinating Committee for Geodynamics ICCG Interagency Coordinating Committee on Groundwater ICCG International Conference on Computer Graphics ICDP International Continental Scientific Drilling Program ICE Image Correction and Enhancement ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICESat Ice, Cloud, & land Elevation Satellite ICET International Center for Earth Tides, ROB, Brussels, Belgium ICF Integrity Control Facility (Galileo) ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICG International Committee on GNSS ICG Inter-Union Commission of Geodynamics ICGEM International Center for Global Earth Models, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany ICH I/O Controller Hub ICHA Inter-Union Commission for History of Astronomy ICIAM International Council of Industrial and Applied Mathematics ICL International Computers Ltd., UK ICM International Congress of Mathematicians ICME Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol ICoMM International Census of Marine Microbes ICQ I seek you ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICRF International (IERS) Celestial Reference Frame ICRS International (IERS) Celestial Reference System ICSTI International Council for Scientific and Technical Information ICSU International Council for Science (formerly the International Council of Scientific Unions) ICT Information & Communication Technologies ICTP International Center for Theoretical Physics ICTYC International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ICW Inner Core Wobble ID Idaho id. idem ID Identification ID Indonesia (ISO code) IDA International Dark-sky Association IDA IRIS/SIO International Deployment of Accelerometers IDDN Integrity Data Dissemination Network (Galileo) IDE Integrated Drive Electronics (the same as ATA) IDE Integrated Development Environment IDEAL International Digital Electronic Access Library IDEAL Investigation of the Dynamics of the Euro-Asian Litosphere (program) IDEMS Integration & Development of Environmental Management, Italy IDEMS International DEM Service, Montfort University, UK IDEX Leica Independent Data Exchange Format IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transformation IDIQ Indefinite Delivery / Indefinite Quantity IDL Interactive Data Language IDM PNT Interference detection and Mitigation plan, USA IDP Interplanetary Dust Particle IDS International DORIS Service IDSF International Dance Sport Federation IDU In-Door-Unit IDV IntraDay Variability IE Ireland (ISO code) IE Microsoft Internet Explorer i.e. that is (Lat. id est) IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEC Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEN Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris, Torino, Italy IERS International Earth Rotation Service (till 2003) IERS International Earth rotation and Reference systems Service (since 2003) IESAS Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group IESSG Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, University of Nottingham, UK IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IF Impact Factor IF Intermediate Frequency IfAG Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie, Frankfurt, Germany (now BKG) IFB Interruptible FeedBack (FoldBack) IFB Invitation For Bid IFC Intel Fortran Compiler IFC Intensive Field Campaign IfE Institut für Erdmessung, Hannover, Germany IfEN Institut für Erdmessung und Navigation, Munich, Germany IFF Interchange File Format (Amiga) IFIP International Federation for Information Processing IFL Intra-Facility Link IFMP NASA Integrated Financial Management Program IFN French Institute of Navigation (Fr. Institut Francais de Navigation) IFOV Instantaneous Field-of-View IFRB International Frequency Registration Board, ITU IFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche et d'Exploitation de la MER IFRTP Institut Francais pour la Recherche et la Technologie Polaire IFS Installable File System Manager IG Institut de Geomatica, Castelldefels, Spain IG Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam National Center for Natural Science and Technology IGARSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Program IGBS International Bibliographic Service for Geodesy IGC International Gravity Commission IGEB Interagency GPS Executive Board IGeS International Geoid Services, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy IGEX International GLONASS EXperiment IGFS International Gravity Field Service IGFN Italian GPS Fiducial Network IGG Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, VUT, Vienna, Austria IGGA Institute of Geodesy and Geodetical Astronomy, WUT, Poland IGGB Institute for Geodesy and Geoinformation of the University of Bonn, Germany (former GIUB) IGGC International Gravity and Geoid Commission IGGOS Integrated Global Geodetic Observing System IGiK Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Poland IGLOS International GLONASS Service IGM Instituto Geografico Militar, Chile IGM Instituto Geografico Militare, Italy IGM Intergalactic Medium IGN National Geographical Institute (Fr. Institut Geographique National), Paris, France IGN National Geographical Institute (Sp. Instituto Geografico Nacional), Spain IGNE National Geographical Institute of Spain (Sp. Instituto Geografico Nacional de Spain), Spain IGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand IGOS Integrated Global Observing Strategy IGOS-P Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership IGP IGS predicted (orbit, ERP) IGPP Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, La Jolla, CA, USA IGR IGS rapid (orbit, ERP) IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference Frame IGS International GPS Service for Geodynamics (before January 1999) IGS International GPS Service (since January 1999, before March 2005) IGS International GNSS Service (since March 2005) IGSCB IGS Central Bureau IGSO International Geodetic Students Organization IGU International Geographical Union IGY International Geophysical Year IHO International Hydrographic Organization IHU I Hear U IID Interface Identifier IIIS International Institute of Informatics and Systemics IIN Italian Institute of Navigation (It. Instituto Italiano di Navigazione) IIR Infinite Impulse Response IIS Internet Information Service IISC Indian Institute of Science, Center for Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore, India IISC CGSIC International Information Sub-Committee IISGEO International Institute for Space Geodesy and Earth Observation IISL International Institute of Space Law IJGA International Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy IL Illinois IL Intermediate Language IL Israel (ISO code) ILA International Loran Association ILBM InterLeaved BitMap Ill. Illinois ILMT International Liquid Mirror Telescope ILOM International Latitude Observatory Mizusawa, Japan (now NAOMZ) ILOM In-situ Lunar Orientation Measurement (SELENE2) ILP International Lithosphere Program ILRS International Laser Ranging Service ILS International Latitude Service IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration satellite IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions IMCCE Institut de Mecanique Celeste et de Calcul des Ephemerides, OPA, France IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMF Initial Mass Function IMF International Monetary Fund IMF Interplanetary Magnetic Field IMF Isobaric Mapping Function IMFh Isobaric Mapping Function, hydrostatic component IMFw Isobaric Mapping Function, wet component IMHO In My Humble Opinion IMHO Internet Media HOuse Russia IMO In My Opinion IMO International Maritime Organization IMO International Mathematical Olympiad IMPRS International Max-Planck Research School on Astrophysics IMRAD Introduction, Methods, Results, And Discussion IMS Information Management System IMS Institute of Mathematical Statistics IMS Integrity Monitoring Station (Galileo) IMSL International Mathematical and Statistical Libraries, Inc., Huston, USA IMT International Mobile Telecommunications IMU Inertial Measurement Unit IMU International Mathematical Union IMVP Institute of Metrology for Time and Space, Moscow, Russia IN India (ISO code) IN Indiana INAF National Institute of Astrophysics (It. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica), Milan, Italy INASAN Institute of Astronomy RAS, Moscow, Russia INASP International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications Inc. Incorporated INKSNA Iran, North Korea and Syria Nonproliferation Act Ind. Indiana Ind Indus (constellation) IND JPL Interplanetary Network Directorate INDIGO INter-service Data Integration for Geodetic Operations INDIS Information Dissemination in European RTD INE Spain Institute of Navigation (Sp. Instituto de Navegation de Espana) INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Informatica, Mexico Inf. Information InGaAs Indium-Gallium-Arsenide INGEOMINAS National Institute in Geosciences, Mining and Chemistry, Colombia INGM National Institute in Geosciences, Mining and Chemistry, Colombia INGV National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology (It. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), Roma, Italy INI Isaac Newton Institute INMARSAT INternational MARitime SATellite organization I-NMF Integrity Network Management Facility (Galileo) INN InterNetNews package INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil INPOP Intégrateur Numérique Planétaire de l'Observatoire de Paris INQUA International Union for Quaternary Research, University of London, UK INRiM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino, Italy INS U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (now part of DHS) INS Inertial Navigation System Ins. Inspector INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, Toulouse, France INSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Insp. Inspector INSPIRE INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe Inst. Institute INSU Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Paris, France Int. International INT Isaac Newton Telescope INTA National Institute for Aerospace Technology (Sp. Instituto Nacional de Technica Aeroespacial), Spain INTAS International Association for the promotion of cooperation with scientists from the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union INTEGRAL International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory (LAEFF, Spain) INTELSAT INTernational TELecommunication SATellite Intern. International Intl. International IO British Indian Ocean Territory (ISO code) I/O Input/Output IOC Initial Operational Capability IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO) IOC International Olympic Committee IOM Institute of Medicine, USA ION Institute of Navigation, USA ION-CH Swiss Institute of Navigation IONEX IONospheric map EXchange format IONMON ESOC Ionosphere Monitoring Facility software IoP Institute of Physics IOR Indian Ocean Region INMARSAT satellite IOS I/O Supervisor IOTA Infrared Optical Telescope Array IOTA International Occultation Timing Association IOV In-Orbit Validation (Galileo) IP Intellectual Property IP Internet Protocol IPA International Police Academy IPAC NASA Infrared Processing and Analysis Center IPACES International Professionals for Advancement of Chinese Earth Sciences IPC International Paralympic Committee IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPF Integrity Processing Facility (Galileo) IPGP Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France IPIE Institute for Precision Instrument Engineering, Moscow, Russia IPMS International Polar Motion Service IPN InterPlanetary Network I-PNNI Integrated Private Network-to-Network Interface IPO Initial Public Offering IPO Integrated Program Office IPO Intellectual Property Owner IPP Innovative Partnership Program, NASA IPPO Innovative Partnership Program Office, NASA IPR Instantaneous Pole of Rotation IPRG Institute for Petroleum Research and Geophysics, Israel IPv4/6 Internet Protocol version 4/6 IPWV Integrated Precipitable Water Vapor IPY International Polar Year IQ Intelligence quotient IQ Iraq (ISO code) i.q. the same as (Lat. idem quod) IR Infra-Red IR Islamic Republic of Iran (ISO code) IRA Institute of Radio Astronomy (It. Istituto di Radioastronomia), Bologna, Italy IRA Irish Republican Army IRAC Infrared Array Camera (SIRTF) IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (software) IRAM Instituto de RadioAstronomia Milimetrica, Spain IRAO International Radioastronomical Observatory "Suffa", Uzbekistan IRAS IPAC Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRC International Research Council (later ICSU, ICS) IRC Internet Relay Chat IRE Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, India IRFC IGS Reference Frame Coordinator IRI International Reference Ionosphere IRIS Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, USA IRIS International Radio Interferometric Surveying IRIS-A International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Atlantic IRIS-P International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Pacific IRIS-S International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Southern hemisphere IRM IERS Reference Meridian IRP IERS Reference Pole IRQ Interrupt Request IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS InfraRed Spectrograph (SIRTF) IRS U.S. Internal Revenue Service IRS International Reference Stars IRSA IPAC Infrared Science Archives IRV Inter-Range Vector (SLR) IS Iceland (ISO code) IS Interface Specification (GPS) ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISA Instruction Set Architecture ISAM Indexed Sequential Access Method ISAPI Internet Server API ISAR Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar ISAS Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan (now JAXA) ISBN International Standard Book Number ISC Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ISCEA Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network (Integrated Synchronous Digital Network) ISES International Space Environment Service ISGI International Service of Geomagnetic Indices ISGN International Space Geodetic and Gravimetric Network ISGN International Space Geodetic Network ISI Institute for Scientific Information ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification ISIC International Student Identity Card ISIR International Space Industry Report ISIS Integrated System for Imagers and Spectrometers (NASA PDS software) ISIT Institute of Systems & Information Technologies, Japan ISIT Intensified SIT ISL Initial System Loader ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project ISM InterStellar Medium ISMB Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology ISN International relations and Security Network ISO IPAC Infrared Space Observatory ISO International Standards Organization ISP I